Renaissance world Essay Example for Free

Renaissance world Essay Reread the opening soliloquy of Dr Faustus. In what way does this establish Faustus character and at the same time take you back into the Renaissance world? The opening soliloquy of Marlows , Dr Faustus reveals many different characteristics and values of the epilogist. At the same time as establishing Faustus character, the soliloquy takes one back to the Renaissance world by presenting Faustus as a man of his times since his character is greatly influenced by changes in attitudes and society which were encountered in the Renaissance era. One of Faustus key characteristics, which is very apparent throughout the opening soliloquy, is that he is engaged in a personal power struggle and is not content with his current status. One acknowledges this problem when Faustus asserts demands such as, Be a physician, Faustus, heap up gold, And be eternised for some wondrous cure. In instructing himself to find a wondrous cure in the medical world, Faustus is implying that he wants to be famous and improve his financial situation. This desire to become rich and famous compliments the newly-adopted attitude towards individuals after the Restoration. As the Restoration stripped the Church of its religious authority, prominence was given to individuals own quest for religious understanding and both mankind and his life on earth were therefore given greater value. Subsequently, those living in the Renaissance period, strove for success in life and found that their unique talents became significant and worldly virtues such as fame and glory were valued. This struggle for success became known as humanism and intellectuals such as Machiavelli placed this theory at the centre of their philosophies. Therefore Faustus longing for wealth, fame and recognition reflects this attitude of the struggle for personal power which was founded in the Renaissance era and gives reason to his desperation to make his unique talents greater. Another of Faustus characteristics which one can identity in his first appearance, is also a result of the humanist movement. The humanists proposed to educate the whole person and placed great emphasis on ones intellectual achievements. From the opening soliloquy it is therefore clear that Faustus is a humanist as he is very passionate and perhaps obsessive about enhancing his intellect. This drive for more superior knowledge is evident when in frustration, Faustus proclaims, Affords this art no greater miracle? Then read no more, thou hast attained the end; Faustus clearly finds that his present intellectual status is not challenged by his learned subjects and he craves something more demanding that would satisfy his humanist characteristic. However, from Faustus opening speech, it is also clear that his immense confidence in thinking he knows all aspects and areas of his studied subjects can undermine him. For instance, when Faustus tries to defy religious studies by implying that it is a pointless study he says, Si peccasse negamus, fallimur, et nulla est in nobis veritas. which, he believes will back up his dispute about religion. Not only does Faustus expose his lack in faith towards god, but in trying to show how clever he is by noticing the flaws in religion he actually draws attention to the gaps in his own knowledge. The quote he gives to confront religious studies, is incomplete, and had he known the entire phrase, he would have realised that his point would have been contradicted rather than supported his argument. Therefore the opening soliloquy reveals that Faustus has no true religious faith, bares humanism traits and this great desire for knowledge can sometimes lead Faustus, who is overly-confident in his own knowledge, to draw attention to his incomplete education. One is also taken back to Renaissance times, as not only is one reminded of the humanist attitude but the subjects which Faustus has studied such as, analytics, medicine, law and religion, are typical Renaissance subjects that, as Faustus often proves, were often learnt in their original texts. The mentioning of magic also links directly to Renaissance times as back then it was considered as merely another path of knowledge for a scholar to follow. As Faustus continues to slight the Renaissance curriculum, one discovers another of Faustus traits. When expressing his opinion on law, Faustus declares, This study fits a mercenary drudge Too servile and illiberal for me By declaring law as too servile and illiberal, Faustus is stating his aversion to being restricted as he cannot stand being controlled by another force. This characteristic would have been triggered by the break away of the society from the church as its ruling body. Faustus clearly feels he is an individual against the authority and power of superior forces. This characteristic is reinforced when one realises that he is serious about employing a new talent which will give him authority over all others. His assertion of the limitations of law also emphasises his wish to, in the words of Tamburlaine a Renaissance intellect and hero of Marlowe, climb after knowledge infinite. Therefore as the soliloquy progresses, one learns that Faustus is an individual against authority and is so serious about this cause that he will get involved with dangerous forces as well as, understanding that this anti-authority attitude is in context of Marlowes time as it may be a result of the declining power of the church in the Renaissance era. The opening soliloquy of Dr Faustus reveals many of Faustus characteristics such as him being a humanist, an individual against authority, a man with little religious faith who has an expansive, yet incomplete and flawed education. Faustus first appearance also manages to transport one back to the Renaissance world by exposing some traits of the time which have shaped Faustus personality, such as the impact which, the Reformation had on Faustus as well as his opinions formed on the traditional Renaissance curriculum. Therefore Faustus characteristics show a reflection of the context of the play and whilst discovering Faustus personality one also is taken back to the Renaissance world.

Plan On Smoking :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

Plan On Smoking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The incredible idea behind taking a course such as Theories of Persuasion is that a student can discover the principles and theories behind everyday decision making and beliefs. What may seem like simple ideas, in reality, are very complex processes. Fishbein and Ajzen, two researchers being discussed in class, brought to light their theory known as the Theory of Planned Behavior. In it they describe the intricacies of building attitudes and making behavioral decisions. By providing a brief summary of the theory, a real life example that directly relates to the theory, and an analysis of the possible outcomes of the theory, it becomes clear that Fishbein and Ajzen contributed significantly to the world of persuasion research.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Theory of Planned Behaviors is far more complex than just making behavioral decisions. It involves a well defined relationship between the Expectancy Value Theory, Subjective Norms, and Self Efficacy. In order to properly establish this relationship it is necessary to supply some definitions of the previously mentioned terms. The Expectancy Value Theory plainly states that “for behaviors, our attitudes were a function of our beliefs that an outcome would occur, and an emotional evaluation of that outcome.'; There is a mathematical advantage that applies your rating of certain factors and weighs the positives versus the negatives. The second term that applies to the theory at hand is Subjective Norms. It a simple idea that consists of attitude determination in two separate parts. Firstly, the person considers what others think he or she should do and, secondly, whether or not the person wants to “conform to these social pressures';. Once again the t erm can be expressed in mathematical terms by weighing the importance between social acceptance and personal satisfaction. The last term needed to be defined is efficacy. The person making the decision needs to question whether the behavior is realistic or possible. It is these three terms, collectively, that constitutes the overall theory. The theory suggests that a person’s behavioral intentions guide their actual behaviors. These intentions are the result of the person’s close examination of their Attitudes (EVT), Subjective Norms, and Self Efficacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A real life situation that is applicable to the theory is really open to a degree of creativity. To spice up the topic a bit, it is interesting to look at the theory in terms of pre-marital sex and peer pressure. The problem with pre-marital sex is that it a controversial issue among many parents, primarily those who follow close religious beliefs.

Causes and Consequences of the Reformation Essay

There were several causes of the Reformation. Some of them were short-term causes and others were long-term causes. One of the long-term causes of the Reformation was that many people thought that the Church was not following the Bible. For example, many people were unhappy with the idea of indulgences. Indulgences were gifts that people gave to the Church so their sins would be forgiven. In 1517 Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany. They spoke against the theory of indulgences. Luther said they were very secular because mostly rich people were able to give indulgences, but that did not mean that the poor people were bad because they had no money for indulgences. This was like selling forgiveness to the people. So the rich thieves would be forgiven because they were so rich, but he poor slaves would not be forgiven because they had no money. Another cause of the Reformation was that the Church was having some major problems at the time, other than many people trying to break away from it. For example, the Great Schism. The Great Schism greatly reduced the Church?s popularity when there was so much confusion over who was Pope. In 1378 the Cardinals in Rome elected Prignano to be Pope, but they soon chose Robert of Geneva to be Pope. Robert called himself Clement VIII and left Rome to Avingnon. Much chaos followed because the Pope was not home to solve problems with Protestants, etc. A third long-term cause was that the Church owned lots of land. This was an economic reason. In Germany, for example, the Church owned about one-third of all the land, but it did not pay taxes on it. So the other landowners were forced to pay much higher taxes. To add to that, the Church had the power to collect its own taxes. This made it seem to the people of the German states that much of the money went out of their country and into Rome. In response to this, many European rulers now had a good reason to break away from the Church and collect taxes on the Church?s land. In 1524 German peasants rebelled because of such high taxes. At least 100,000 lost their lives when the revolt was put down. Yet a fourth short-term cause of the Reformation was that ideas began to spread quicker. For example, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. He made the first printed book in Europe. As more people began to read and understand the Bible, they began to see what the Church was doing wrong. Writers were now able to publish their books and sell them for much less than hand-written books. Many more people owned books now. This is how ideas began to spread. Another way that ideas spread was through traveling students, artists, and writers. As they traveled around Europe, they took their ideas with them. There were also consequences of the Reformation. Some of them were short-term consequences and some were also long-term consequences. One of the long-term consequences of the Reformation was that many people broke away from the Catholic Church. For example, when Luther came, many people broke away from the Church and became Lutherans. They believed in his ideas that the Catholic Church was nonreligious and thought it fair to break away. Another group of Protestants in Europe was the Anabaptists. This group of people in Switzerland followed Ulrich Zwingli. This group of people was much like the Lutherans, but they believed that people did not have to be forced to go to Church. Other people broke away and became Calvinists, following John Calvin and his idea of predestination. Calvinism was also much like Lutheranism, but Calvin believed that God had already set a fate or destiny for people. In France, Calvinists were called Huguenots. Another example of people breaking away from the Catholic Church is the foundation of the Anglican Church. This break-away, however was much different from the others. In this case, King Henry VIII of England fell in love with a sixteen-year-old girl named Anne Boleyn. The problem was that he was already married, but the Catholic Church forbade divorce. So what Henry did was he broke all of England away from the Catholic Church and established the Anglican Church, which allowed him to divorce his wife. Then he was able to marry Anne Boleyn. This change, though, did not make the Anglican Church Protestant. It still continued many of the Catholic practices. Yet in 1570, Anne Boleyn became the head of the Anglican Church and pronounced England Protestant. Another consequence of the Reformation was that many rulers, like Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, tried to stop the Protestants. Charles V was not unsuccessful, though. In 1555, he and the German princes signed a treaty called the Peace of Augsburg. This agreement forced Charles V to recognize the Lutheran Church. He could no longer have any affect on the local religion. In France there was a giant dispute between the Catholics and the Huguenots. The French rulers made an attempt to end the violence in 1572 with a marriage between the rulers of the two opposing groups, but they failed. Finally, in 1598 King Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes, allowing the Huguenots to continue their practices peacefully and ending the violence. Another example of this consequence is when Zwingli tried to establish his Anabaptist church in Switzerland he was attacked. The leaders of Switzerland ended the conflict in 1531 and allowed each local government to choose the religion of their canton themselves. Through all of these attempts to stop the Protestants, the Catholic Church lost a big part of its influence and money, and the national governments gained more money and power. A third consequence of the Reformation was that the Catholic Church was finally forced to reform itself. This was a huge change for the Church. They appeased both the reformers and the conservatives, emphasized good deeds, gave people more free will, banned books, put the Pope in charge, and revived the inquisition. Although the Church lost lots of money during the Reformation, peace finally followed.

Quarantine Speech And The Four Freedoms - 1481 Words

I believe that FDRs Quarantine Speech and The Four Freedoms† encouraged all the American people to support participating in World War II to preserve peace, democracy and morality, while Rockwells paintings encouraged buying war bonds by speaking to the wealthy middle to upper-class white Americans to preserve their liberties and basic rights. In both Quarantine Speech and The Four Freedoms speeches, FDR speaks repeatedly of freedom and peace being threatened and how the war must be realistically viewed to preserve the latter. Rockwell does not necessarily encourage the participation in the war as much as the need to buy bonds to maintain the American lifestyle. In Chicago, IL during a bridge dedication ceremony, Franklin D.†¦show more content†¦He didnt name which countries were the threatening forces, although it was evident at the time that he was referring to Japan, Germany and Italy. In 1935 Italy invade Ethiopia and in 1936 Germany invaded the Rhineland. In both speeches, FDR speaks often about how peace and freedom are threatened. During â€Å"The Four Freedoms† FDR states the problem, the plan and what he hopes to achieve. He begins to address how American security is being threatened by other nations seeking world domination. He continues by emphasizing how to understand the danger democracy is facing, we must be realists. The safety of America is threatened by the events unfolding outside of the country and that production for armaments must be increased . If we are not physically involved in the war, we will need to produce billions of dollars’ worth of weapons to provide a sufficient arsenal to our allies. This would not only benefit them, but the defense of the US as well. He makes specific note that this is not a declaration of war, but a pledge to defend freedom and democracy. After stating the problem and the plan, FDR then moves into the freedoms which we are defending. Freedom of speech and worship are already protected for Americans under the first amendment, but he states that it should be granted everywhere in the world. Freedom from want is the right to be fed, clothed and properly housed. Lastly,Show MoreRelatedThe United States : A Global Power And The Attack On The Twin Towers Essay1242 Words   |  5 PagesS. weren t good at that time, the U.S enacted an embargo on oil supplies to Japan because of their invasions of China. However, Roosevelt was trying to avoid American intervention in World War 2. Two days after the war started Roosevelt deliver a speech saying he would do all he could to avoid joining the war but as the 40s approached americans knew that with the threat of Hitler and Mussolini , they would no longer be safe in isolationism. 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